Psychologists pay attention to the meaning of dreams, but they also follow different tactics. They don't cure their patients only based on the meaning of their dreams. This happens not only because they don't give to the meaning of dreams the importance they should, but because they don't know the real meaning of dreams.
Only the psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Jung could discover the symbolic meaning of the dream images, and only I could continue his research and discover the anti-conscience, the wild side of the human conscience that generates mental illnesses within our conscience. This discovery helped me decipher all mysteries.
I could discover the existence of our wild conscience because I perceived the sanctity of the unconscious mind that produces our dreams. I had a religious attitude and I precisely obeyed the unconscious guidance.
Only because I was guided by the unconscious wisdom could I discover everything I'm teaching you today. Alone I would never discover anything. After continuing Carl Jung's research I saw that we must obey the unconscious guidance in dreams because the unconscious mind has a divine origin and we can trust the unconscious sanctity.
Therefore, dream interpretation became an independent science.
You don't need any other help besides translating the meaning of dreams based on the scientific method of dream interpretation in order to find sound mental health and happiness. The divine unconscious mind gives you all the answers and solutions you need, working like a natural doctor, a teacher, and a spiritual guide.
When you translate the meaning of dreams with the right method you have the chance to directly talk with God. All ancient civilizations that respected the importance of dreams were right. Our current civilization is atheistic and materialistic because it was blinded by the power of the material world.
However, there is also a spiritual reality behind the material one, which is more important than the material world because it lasts forever. Our animal life has a very short duration. We cannot live more than 100 years. After this period of time, we don't become inexistent. There is life after death, only that it is a spiritual life.
Most people today are totally indifferent to what will happen to their spirit after their death. However, this preoccupation should be the most important one for them.
The unconscious mind helps you purify your spirit and eliminate all sins, so that you may find authentic happiness that lasts forever. Your psychological transformation while you are alive also helps you attain spiritual perfection.
This means that the dimension of dreams surpasses the material reality. Besides getting rid of mental illnesses and physical diseases, you learn how to be a wise and perfect human being. Your deep transformation helps you completely eliminate the negative characteristics of your wild nature, and develop only the positive characteristics of your human personality.
This process of transformation helps you attain another dimension and have a huger vision about your reality. You stop thinking like an ignorant human being. You are also able to control your mind and behavior.
Right now you are constantly influenced or controlled by your anti-conscience without knowing this fact. The unconscious psychotherapy in dreams helps you eliminate your evil and absurd anti-conscience through consciousness. You learn how to transform this negative content into positive content that helps you solve your problems instead of causing mental illnesses.
You also learn the importance of goodness for your mental stability and for your community.
After eliminating your anti-conscience, you will eliminate your inherent tendency to evil. This means that you will be free. You will be able to positively evolve, without being misled and tortured by your wild conscience.
At this point, you will love goodness and clearly understand its benefits. While the narrow-minded concepts of the modern civilization make you believe that you must be selfish, your psychological transformation will help you understand that you must care about preserving peace and justice instead of pleasing your selfish ego. You must be sincere and generous if you want to find peace and self-satisfaction.
There are no benefits on dishonesty. You always pay for your sins because you have to face the consequences of your mistakes. You may believe that you have advantages in the beginning, but your destiny cannot be good when you do what is bad. What is bad always becomes worse with time.
Besides that, there are many invisible laws calculating what you deserve to receive back in life. You receive back what you give to others.
Dream interpretation according to the scientific method helps you discover the way our world functions and the way the human brain works. You will also learn how to prepare positive future results for yourself, and how you can help everyone around you.
The translation and the analysis of the meaning of your dreams in parallel with your life biography are powerful tools that help you find sound mental health and use all of your brain power. You become a sensitive human being always connected to the objective reality. You stop being indifferent and insensitive like the neurotic population of the crazy world.
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Tuesday, 16 October 2012
Dream Interpretation - The Meaning of Cleaning Up in Dreams
Today one of my regular patients (who submits her dreams for professional dream translation and psychotherapy) made me a question that gave me inspiration to write an article about the certainty you can feel when you translate the meaning of dreams based on the scientific method of dream interpretation. These translations are not based on suppositions. They really help you understand the unconscious words in your dreams.
This patient is also studying the dream language. She already knows the basic meaning of dreams, but she is mentally ill. This is why she needs my help.
Let me first of all post a sentence of her last dream and my translations:
'I was trying to clean up and was worrying about making enough money to move out'
Dream Translation:
When you are cleaning up you are eliminating the immorality from a certain place.
Money in dreams represents excitement, enthusiasm, psychical energy.
Your ego was trying to eliminate the immorality from the anti-conscience's place in your psyche because you wanted to find enthusiasm enough to move out.
In other words, your ego is trying to make what is immoral seem to be 'OK' and move on to another case, with another man. This would be catastrophic for you and your partner. Be careful with your superficiality and your anti-conscience.
...
The anti-conscience is our wild conscience, which generates mental illnesses within our human conscience. All dreams basically show to the dreamers how much their anti-conscience is influencing their behavior and how. Dreams also show to all dreamers what to do in order to stop being influenced by their anti-conscience and find sound mental health, peace, and happiness.
My patient asked me:
'Why couldn't cleaning up my mother's house mean that I want to remove junk from where my anti-conscience is instead of making things seem OK?'
Here is my answer:
The meaning of the dream symbols is given by the dream producer; the unconscious mind. Carl Jung and I had a lot of trouble trying to discover the meaning that the unconscious mind gives to the images it uses to send us important messages.
The unconscious mind decided that whatever is dirty in a dream represents immorality. So, we have to respect the meaning given by the unconscious mind. Whenever you clean what is dirty you are eliminating immorality from there.
Your ego was trying to remove the immorality existent there and pretend that there was no immorality on betrayal. However, if you betray your partner you are immoral.
...
The unconscious mind has a divine origin and undoubtable wisdom. You can also verify that the scientific dream translations reflect wise words that don't come from the dream translator's mind. The scientific translations follow the dream logic (the logic followed by the unconscious mind that produces our dreams) and not the logic of our ignorant human conscience.
The unconscious logic is based on wisdom and sanctity. The unconscious mind is a very serious and sad doctor who helps us eliminate our evil and absurd anti-conscience, so that we may learn how to find peace and happiness instead of being violent, indifferent, and cruel.
Let me analyze the details of this dream scene:
'I was trying to clean up and was worrying about making enough money to move out'
Here is the dreamer's question again:
'Why couldn't cleaning up my mother's house mean that I want to remove junk from where my anti-conscience is instead of making things seem OK?'
The dreamer tries to give to this dream scene a meaning based on the logic of her conscience, without following the unconscious logic.
It would logically fit to translate the meaning of 'cleaning up' as the intention to remove junk from some place if we would follow the logic of our conscience.
However, when you clean up a certain place in a dream, you clean what is dirty. Whatever is dirty in dreams represents immorality because this is the meaning that the unconscious mind gives to this dream symbol. The unconscious mind decided that this is the meaning of this word.
Carl Jung had to compare numerous dreams from different cases in order to discover the meaning of the dream symbols, and I followed his example, doing exactly the same. I had to study and compare many dreams while curing many people through dream therapy in order to discover the meaning of more dream symbols.
Discovering the meaning of the dream language was like discovering the meaning of an incomprehensible ancient language.
You are lucky because Carl Jung had the courage to make such arduous research, and because I had the courage to continue his work. You have the privilege to find our discoveries ready and immediately use to your advantage the knowledge we found after working so hard.
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This patient is also studying the dream language. She already knows the basic meaning of dreams, but she is mentally ill. This is why she needs my help.
Let me first of all post a sentence of her last dream and my translations:
'I was trying to clean up and was worrying about making enough money to move out'
Dream Translation:
When you are cleaning up you are eliminating the immorality from a certain place.
Money in dreams represents excitement, enthusiasm, psychical energy.
Your ego was trying to eliminate the immorality from the anti-conscience's place in your psyche because you wanted to find enthusiasm enough to move out.
In other words, your ego is trying to make what is immoral seem to be 'OK' and move on to another case, with another man. This would be catastrophic for you and your partner. Be careful with your superficiality and your anti-conscience.
...
The anti-conscience is our wild conscience, which generates mental illnesses within our human conscience. All dreams basically show to the dreamers how much their anti-conscience is influencing their behavior and how. Dreams also show to all dreamers what to do in order to stop being influenced by their anti-conscience and find sound mental health, peace, and happiness.
My patient asked me:
'Why couldn't cleaning up my mother's house mean that I want to remove junk from where my anti-conscience is instead of making things seem OK?'
Here is my answer:
The meaning of the dream symbols is given by the dream producer; the unconscious mind. Carl Jung and I had a lot of trouble trying to discover the meaning that the unconscious mind gives to the images it uses to send us important messages.
The unconscious mind decided that whatever is dirty in a dream represents immorality. So, we have to respect the meaning given by the unconscious mind. Whenever you clean what is dirty you are eliminating immorality from there.
Your ego was trying to remove the immorality existent there and pretend that there was no immorality on betrayal. However, if you betray your partner you are immoral.
...
The unconscious mind has a divine origin and undoubtable wisdom. You can also verify that the scientific dream translations reflect wise words that don't come from the dream translator's mind. The scientific translations follow the dream logic (the logic followed by the unconscious mind that produces our dreams) and not the logic of our ignorant human conscience.
The unconscious logic is based on wisdom and sanctity. The unconscious mind is a very serious and sad doctor who helps us eliminate our evil and absurd anti-conscience, so that we may learn how to find peace and happiness instead of being violent, indifferent, and cruel.
Let me analyze the details of this dream scene:
'I was trying to clean up and was worrying about making enough money to move out'
Here is the dreamer's question again:
'Why couldn't cleaning up my mother's house mean that I want to remove junk from where my anti-conscience is instead of making things seem OK?'
The dreamer tries to give to this dream scene a meaning based on the logic of her conscience, without following the unconscious logic.
It would logically fit to translate the meaning of 'cleaning up' as the intention to remove junk from some place if we would follow the logic of our conscience.
However, when you clean up a certain place in a dream, you clean what is dirty. Whatever is dirty in dreams represents immorality because this is the meaning that the unconscious mind gives to this dream symbol. The unconscious mind decided that this is the meaning of this word.
Carl Jung had to compare numerous dreams from different cases in order to discover the meaning of the dream symbols, and I followed his example, doing exactly the same. I had to study and compare many dreams while curing many people through dream therapy in order to discover the meaning of more dream symbols.
Discovering the meaning of the dream language was like discovering the meaning of an incomprehensible ancient language.
You are lucky because Carl Jung had the courage to make such arduous research, and because I had the courage to continue his work. You have the privilege to find our discoveries ready and immediately use to your advantage the knowledge we found after working so hard.
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Autism, Meet Your Archenemy: Apple iPad
Apple's Chief Executive Steve Jobs believes the iPad is a magical device, and a growing number of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders or disabilities agree. The iPad has many advantages to offer to people who use them-primarily teens to middle-aged adults, however, more children are reaping the benefits and improving in many-if not all-developmental domains using educational and interactive apps.
In an interview, Jobs stated that the iPad's use in therapy was not something Apple engineers could have predicted. According to a CDC study, with Autism affecting one out of 110 children in the U.S., children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have no control over the pace of information coming at them, however, children with ASD are not distracted by context and the iPad gives them more direct control over the interface.
Parents Helping Parents (PHP) in San Jose, CA and Via Services in Santa Clara, CA both hold assistive technology workshops exploring ways to enhance communication, learning, and socialization skills. Via Services held their second, successful iPad workshop on March 26th and plan to hold more workshops in the future. PHP continues to have assistive technology events; their next workshop will be on Tuesday, April 19, 2011 focusing on high-tech tools for literacy.
Darryl Guel*, a 2-year-old autistic boy who attended an iPad workshop for children with Autism expertly swipes his fingers through different apps and impresses everyone with his receptive comprehension skills. Guel, who has not developed expressive language, mastered Color Slapps's app identifying all of the colors; and can accurately point to shapes, colors, and groups (e.g. alphabet, food, body parts, etc.) in the SeeTouchLearn app.
Neil Tafolla*, a 2.5-year-old boy with Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) has cognition of an average six-year-old with the help of the iPad and a strong team of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapists incorporating technology into therapy. He is currently adding and subtracting through quantitative counting of animals through Duck Duck Moose's app: Park Math HD and reading interactive books designed to keep children engaged and learning.
Not only does the iPad serve as an educational device, the flexibility and portability offers advantages. Several parents have reported that the iPad serves as a calming instrument for children when they need to redirect their focus onto something more productive.
Educators and doctors are using the iPad as a tool to reach out to special needs children; children are showing tremendous improvement after interacting with fun-filled educational activities which makes it less stressful and more fun for teachers and students.
Autism has definitely met its nemesis...
*Names have been changed to protect the identity
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In an interview, Jobs stated that the iPad's use in therapy was not something Apple engineers could have predicted. According to a CDC study, with Autism affecting one out of 110 children in the U.S., children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have no control over the pace of information coming at them, however, children with ASD are not distracted by context and the iPad gives them more direct control over the interface.
Parents Helping Parents (PHP) in San Jose, CA and Via Services in Santa Clara, CA both hold assistive technology workshops exploring ways to enhance communication, learning, and socialization skills. Via Services held their second, successful iPad workshop on March 26th and plan to hold more workshops in the future. PHP continues to have assistive technology events; their next workshop will be on Tuesday, April 19, 2011 focusing on high-tech tools for literacy.
Darryl Guel*, a 2-year-old autistic boy who attended an iPad workshop for children with Autism expertly swipes his fingers through different apps and impresses everyone with his receptive comprehension skills. Guel, who has not developed expressive language, mastered Color Slapps's app identifying all of the colors; and can accurately point to shapes, colors, and groups (e.g. alphabet, food, body parts, etc.) in the SeeTouchLearn app.
Neil Tafolla*, a 2.5-year-old boy with Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) has cognition of an average six-year-old with the help of the iPad and a strong team of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapists incorporating technology into therapy. He is currently adding and subtracting through quantitative counting of animals through Duck Duck Moose's app: Park Math HD and reading interactive books designed to keep children engaged and learning.
Not only does the iPad serve as an educational device, the flexibility and portability offers advantages. Several parents have reported that the iPad serves as a calming instrument for children when they need to redirect their focus onto something more productive.
Educators and doctors are using the iPad as a tool to reach out to special needs children; children are showing tremendous improvement after interacting with fun-filled educational activities which makes it less stressful and more fun for teachers and students.
Autism has definitely met its nemesis...
*Names have been changed to protect the identity
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Bystander Effect
Several decades ago, Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death in front of several witnesses, but no one intervened. Genovese was attacked for a mere thirty minutes by Moseley, her perpetrator, in front of her home. The attacker fled the scene for ten minutes and returned to kill Genovese after he proceeded to sexually harass her.
Following the incident, different conclusions of why no one helped arose when 38 people who witnessed the murder was disclosed. Human behavior in emergency situations sparked researchers' interest and a series of experiments resulted in the most replicable effects in social psychology.
Darley and Latane (1968) were the first researchers to investigate bystander intervention in an emergency situation. They hypothesized the more bystanders present in an emergency led to a slower response time of helping behavior or offering aid. Further explorations of bystander intervention expanded the norms of intervention and the diffusion of responsibility with more than one witness.
In accordance to the different types of situations tested for bystander effect, studies consistently concluded that the amount of time it took to respond increased when more people are present. When diffusion of responsibility is dispersed among a group of people, they are more likely to depend on others to aid in an emergency. Consequently, diffusion of responsibility leads to a slower reaction time in aiding behavior. Not only were the situations examined based on non-emergency and emergency situations, but also high and low status individuals. High status participants are more likely to react faster in an emergency because they are rated as having more intelligence and are aware of what to do.
Based on converse results in real-life situations according to an officer from the San Jose Police Department, different reactions will come from various emergencies, location, time, and severity; I am interested to see future studies focus on human behavior and their reaction time to emergency situations in different areas of the U.S and the world. Examining the correlation between high and low status individuals and location is relevant to bystander intervention. Furthermore, does intervening behavior vary between the type of emergency and the connectedness of interveners within a group?
What would you do in an emergency situation with five, ten, or twenty other witnesses? Would the location and type of emergency prompt you to react differently? Do you think you are more likely to help if you had proper training focused on the emergency at hand? Last, if you have answered these questions, do you rate yourself as a high or low status individual?
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Following the incident, different conclusions of why no one helped arose when 38 people who witnessed the murder was disclosed. Human behavior in emergency situations sparked researchers' interest and a series of experiments resulted in the most replicable effects in social psychology.
Darley and Latane (1968) were the first researchers to investigate bystander intervention in an emergency situation. They hypothesized the more bystanders present in an emergency led to a slower response time of helping behavior or offering aid. Further explorations of bystander intervention expanded the norms of intervention and the diffusion of responsibility with more than one witness.
In accordance to the different types of situations tested for bystander effect, studies consistently concluded that the amount of time it took to respond increased when more people are present. When diffusion of responsibility is dispersed among a group of people, they are more likely to depend on others to aid in an emergency. Consequently, diffusion of responsibility leads to a slower reaction time in aiding behavior. Not only were the situations examined based on non-emergency and emergency situations, but also high and low status individuals. High status participants are more likely to react faster in an emergency because they are rated as having more intelligence and are aware of what to do.
Based on converse results in real-life situations according to an officer from the San Jose Police Department, different reactions will come from various emergencies, location, time, and severity; I am interested to see future studies focus on human behavior and their reaction time to emergency situations in different areas of the U.S and the world. Examining the correlation between high and low status individuals and location is relevant to bystander intervention. Furthermore, does intervening behavior vary between the type of emergency and the connectedness of interveners within a group?
What would you do in an emergency situation with five, ten, or twenty other witnesses? Would the location and type of emergency prompt you to react differently? Do you think you are more likely to help if you had proper training focused on the emergency at hand? Last, if you have answered these questions, do you rate yourself as a high or low status individual?
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All About Clinical Psychology PhD Programs
Clinical psychology deals with the understanding of behavioral science and scientific method. It is a field of psychology which deals with assessment and treatment of abnormal human behavior, mental illness and psychiatric problems. It is an integration of psychology and mental problem treatment, making it a challenging, yet rewarding career field. But in order to gain maximum benefits out of your education, you need to enroll in one of the clinical psychology Ph.D. programs offered by many global universities.
Areas of specialization
When you enroll into a Ph.D. program, you can gain specialization in any of the following specialty areas:
Adult or child mental health Learning disabilities Emotional disturbances Geriatrics Substance abuse Health psychology
Ph.D. programs offer two study tracks: general study course of clinical psychology, and sub-specialty in any of the above mentioned sub-fields of clinical psychology. Any program that you choose will prepare you for a diverse range of intervention and psycho-diagnostic procedures, as well as researches.
During the program, you will need to demonstrate your ability to interpret and understand researches made by other people. Based on this understanding and interpretation, you will be designing and executing relevant researches of your own. The programs will prepare you to function in diverse academic, research and professional roles. You will gain broad exposure to empirical and theoretical underpinnings of clinical psychology, and receive extensive training in terms of techniques and strategies of intervention and assessment.
In short, these Ph.D. programs will make you capable of performing following tasks efficiently:
Evaluating, diagnosing and treating psychological disorders of patients Offering testimonials in legal settings Educating students Conducting researches Developing treatment programs for patients Developing programs for the prevention of social problems Evaluating and treating drug or alcohol abuse
Eligibility criteria
The students should have at least a graduate degree in hand before applying for a Ph.D. program. Most universities require a 2.1 honors degree in psychology. Students with other academic achievements, like those with high degree, conference presentations, publications or research experience are generally preferred. Relevant experience in the field is also required by some universities, which means that you should be experienced in applying psychological principles into real life practice. Previous experience under the supervision of a clinical psychologist is an advantage, but nursing or support work or experience in a relevant voluntary organization can also be considered. If you have worked previously on a relevant research project can also add to your advantage, especially if it involved you to come in direct contact with the client.
Career options
Most Ph.D. programs take 4 to 7 years to complete, and call for training in diagnosis, assessment and psychotherapy, apart from research methods, neuroscience, theoretical training and specialized training in social and behavioral sciences. A Ph.D. program completes when you submit a doctoral dissertation. To become a doctor in clinical psychology, you will require 2 years of internship, and then, take state and national licensing exams. Almost all states need that one of these 2 years must be completed after gaining the doctorate degree. Besides regional accreditation, several clinical psychology Ph.D. programs are also given professional accreditation by national level authorities.
Earning capacity
On an average, a clinical psychologist with doctoral degree earns around $87,015 per annum. Salary of a clinical psychologist typically ranges from $51,000 to $90,000, depending on his or her experience in the field, interpersonal skills, nature of job and employment sector. For example, private practicing clinical psychologists with 5 years of experience earn $54,000 per annum, while after 10-14 years, the same psychologist can earn $100,000 per year. This means that even after completing one of the clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, your salary will depend on your experience, sector of employment and skills.
There is a huge list of universities offering clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, including Ohio State University, Temple University, University of Victoria, Concordia University, Miami University, Northern Illinois University and Arizona State University. Before enrolling to one of the clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, do not forget to check out the university's faculty, course curriculum and fee structure.
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Areas of specialization
When you enroll into a Ph.D. program, you can gain specialization in any of the following specialty areas:
Adult or child mental health Learning disabilities Emotional disturbances Geriatrics Substance abuse Health psychology
Ph.D. programs offer two study tracks: general study course of clinical psychology, and sub-specialty in any of the above mentioned sub-fields of clinical psychology. Any program that you choose will prepare you for a diverse range of intervention and psycho-diagnostic procedures, as well as researches.
During the program, you will need to demonstrate your ability to interpret and understand researches made by other people. Based on this understanding and interpretation, you will be designing and executing relevant researches of your own. The programs will prepare you to function in diverse academic, research and professional roles. You will gain broad exposure to empirical and theoretical underpinnings of clinical psychology, and receive extensive training in terms of techniques and strategies of intervention and assessment.
In short, these Ph.D. programs will make you capable of performing following tasks efficiently:
Evaluating, diagnosing and treating psychological disorders of patients Offering testimonials in legal settings Educating students Conducting researches Developing treatment programs for patients Developing programs for the prevention of social problems Evaluating and treating drug or alcohol abuse
Eligibility criteria
The students should have at least a graduate degree in hand before applying for a Ph.D. program. Most universities require a 2.1 honors degree in psychology. Students with other academic achievements, like those with high degree, conference presentations, publications or research experience are generally preferred. Relevant experience in the field is also required by some universities, which means that you should be experienced in applying psychological principles into real life practice. Previous experience under the supervision of a clinical psychologist is an advantage, but nursing or support work or experience in a relevant voluntary organization can also be considered. If you have worked previously on a relevant research project can also add to your advantage, especially if it involved you to come in direct contact with the client.
Career options
Most Ph.D. programs take 4 to 7 years to complete, and call for training in diagnosis, assessment and psychotherapy, apart from research methods, neuroscience, theoretical training and specialized training in social and behavioral sciences. A Ph.D. program completes when you submit a doctoral dissertation. To become a doctor in clinical psychology, you will require 2 years of internship, and then, take state and national licensing exams. Almost all states need that one of these 2 years must be completed after gaining the doctorate degree. Besides regional accreditation, several clinical psychology Ph.D. programs are also given professional accreditation by national level authorities.
Earning capacity
On an average, a clinical psychologist with doctoral degree earns around $87,015 per annum. Salary of a clinical psychologist typically ranges from $51,000 to $90,000, depending on his or her experience in the field, interpersonal skills, nature of job and employment sector. For example, private practicing clinical psychologists with 5 years of experience earn $54,000 per annum, while after 10-14 years, the same psychologist can earn $100,000 per year. This means that even after completing one of the clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, your salary will depend on your experience, sector of employment and skills.
There is a huge list of universities offering clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, including Ohio State University, Temple University, University of Victoria, Concordia University, Miami University, Northern Illinois University and Arizona State University. Before enrolling to one of the clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, do not forget to check out the university's faculty, course curriculum and fee structure.
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Monday, 15 October 2012
Forensic Psychology Salary and Employment Prospects for 2012 and Beyond
Forensic psychology is an intriguing field of work and study but two of the most important questions to ask before deciding to pursue any field of work or study is whether there will be employment opportunities available when you complete the requisite educational requirements and whether the expected salary is enough for you to live. This article describes the current state of employment and salary prospects for forensic psychologists for 2012 and beyond.
Employment Prospects for Forensic Psychologists
In a nutshell, employment prospects for them are great. The United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that career employment for forensic psychologists is expected to grow by about 15% through 2016. Not only is this a faster growth rate than average but it is also one of the fastest growing fields within the broader domain of psychology.
Those who currently work in the field know that there is a dearth of forensic psychologists in the correctional system and that it would take hiring thousands of them to make up for the shortfall in this area. Thus, the correctional system throughout the United States will likely be one of the largest employers of new psychologists over the next decade.
Academic institutions, research institutions, and think tanks are also expected to hire a number of forensic psychologists over the next decade. As more and more national attention is directed towards the successful reintegration of offenders back into the community, additional resources, including the retention of forensic psychologists in both practice and research settings, are expected to be directed towards this goal.
Although a doctoral-level degree is the requirement to practice as an independent psychologist is most every state, certain states, such as New York, are revising their licensing laws to allow masters-level individuals to become licensed as counselors thereby increasing the employment opportunities for those who do not hold doctoral-level degrees. These changes are a result of the strong need for psychological service providers in these states. Thus, employment prospects tend to be good for both doctoral and masters-level practitioners.
Salary Prospects for Forensic Psychologists
The salary that one earns as a forensic psychologist is typically dependent upon the level of education (typically doctoral vs. master's level), the type of setting in which one is employed (e.g., correctional institution, academic institution, community mental health center, forensic hospital, private practice), and the number of years of experience in the field. Other factors may include geographic location, with higher salaries typically associated with larger cities and more densely populated areas.
The U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that the mean annual salary for forensic psychologists is $86,510, with a range from $41,200 to $119,940. These are aggregated data that do not take into consideration the number of years of experience of the individual.
The American Psychological Association's Practice Organization, which includes individuals who are licensed as psychologists and who are actively engaged in the practice of psychology, surveyed their members as to their annual gross income from work as a psychologist and found the following:
Salary Range Percentage of Respondents
Less than $30,000 4.9%
$30,000 - $59,999 12.8%
$60,000 - $99,999 36.7%
$100,000 - $150,000 28.5%
More than $150,000 11.8%
This represents the salary earned across all subtypes of psychology; however, forensic psychologists typically make more than most other types of psychologists so it is probably safe to assume that these numbers are a bit on the conservative side for the subspecialty of forensic psychology.
For those who are interested in some state-specific information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics about the salaries of forensic psychologists, please see this article on the typical forensic psychology salary.
For those who are interested in some setting-specific information on the salaries of forensic psychologists, including academic and research settings, clinical settings, legal settings, correctional settings, and private practice, please see this article.
All things considered, the time is right for forensic psychologists. This is an interesting field with a lot of upside for employment and salary, not to mention rewarding work that is often intellectually stimulating and intriguing.
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Employment Prospects for Forensic Psychologists
In a nutshell, employment prospects for them are great. The United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that career employment for forensic psychologists is expected to grow by about 15% through 2016. Not only is this a faster growth rate than average but it is also one of the fastest growing fields within the broader domain of psychology.
Those who currently work in the field know that there is a dearth of forensic psychologists in the correctional system and that it would take hiring thousands of them to make up for the shortfall in this area. Thus, the correctional system throughout the United States will likely be one of the largest employers of new psychologists over the next decade.
Academic institutions, research institutions, and think tanks are also expected to hire a number of forensic psychologists over the next decade. As more and more national attention is directed towards the successful reintegration of offenders back into the community, additional resources, including the retention of forensic psychologists in both practice and research settings, are expected to be directed towards this goal.
Although a doctoral-level degree is the requirement to practice as an independent psychologist is most every state, certain states, such as New York, are revising their licensing laws to allow masters-level individuals to become licensed as counselors thereby increasing the employment opportunities for those who do not hold doctoral-level degrees. These changes are a result of the strong need for psychological service providers in these states. Thus, employment prospects tend to be good for both doctoral and masters-level practitioners.
Salary Prospects for Forensic Psychologists
The salary that one earns as a forensic psychologist is typically dependent upon the level of education (typically doctoral vs. master's level), the type of setting in which one is employed (e.g., correctional institution, academic institution, community mental health center, forensic hospital, private practice), and the number of years of experience in the field. Other factors may include geographic location, with higher salaries typically associated with larger cities and more densely populated areas.
The U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that the mean annual salary for forensic psychologists is $86,510, with a range from $41,200 to $119,940. These are aggregated data that do not take into consideration the number of years of experience of the individual.
The American Psychological Association's Practice Organization, which includes individuals who are licensed as psychologists and who are actively engaged in the practice of psychology, surveyed their members as to their annual gross income from work as a psychologist and found the following:
Salary Range Percentage of Respondents
Less than $30,000 4.9%
$30,000 - $59,999 12.8%
$60,000 - $99,999 36.7%
$100,000 - $150,000 28.5%
More than $150,000 11.8%
This represents the salary earned across all subtypes of psychology; however, forensic psychologists typically make more than most other types of psychologists so it is probably safe to assume that these numbers are a bit on the conservative side for the subspecialty of forensic psychology.
For those who are interested in some state-specific information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics about the salaries of forensic psychologists, please see this article on the typical forensic psychology salary.
For those who are interested in some setting-specific information on the salaries of forensic psychologists, including academic and research settings, clinical settings, legal settings, correctional settings, and private practice, please see this article.
All things considered, the time is right for forensic psychologists. This is an interesting field with a lot of upside for employment and salary, not to mention rewarding work that is often intellectually stimulating and intriguing.
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Sunday, 14 October 2012
Ghana Life: Population Transfers
Sometime during the mid-1970s a prominent Nigerian academic was invited by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana, to give an important public lecture in the Great Hall of the University. The packed audience of students, academics and visitors from the town were treated to a stimulating talk that began with a question. The professor asked his audience: if the entire population of the USA was told to pack only a single suitcase and move to Africa, and the entire population of Africa was asked to do the same and move to the USA, what would be the situation in another ten years? The view of the overwhelming majority was that Africa would become the USA and the USA would become Africa.
The professor's question was purely speculative and a full discussion would require qualifying in a number of ways. In essence, the eminent visitor was saying that human communities preferred to retain the culture they know, and that this factor was more powerful than material factors. Individual Africans might choose to move to the USA for a better life in purely material terms, but if they moved en masse they would inevitably choose to live in the way of their ancestors, preserving their traditional and religious institutions and social structures. The Nigerian professor might also have been hinting that this proclivity was incompatible with the Western capitalist system, little of which would remain once the USA was fully populated with Africans.
It is not for a European author to speak for Americans but certainly many Europeans would like to live permanently in Africa if it was permitted. They would enjoy its warmer climate and the opportunity of developing its rich natural resources. They find it hard to understand why so many Africans wish to leave the comfort and relaxed challenges of life in Africa for the rigours and dull routine of Europe's perpetual winters. Of course, most Africans hope to return home with their plunder to enjoy an affluent retirement, but not all prosper overseas, and many of those who do are forced to leave their children in the lands where they have grown up and in which they have citizenship from birth.
Anthropologists tell us that human beings have evolved to adapt to the conditions of our environments. Thus Africans have dark pigmented skins to protect them from the intense tropical sunshine while Europeans have pale skins to draw every last molecule of vitamin D from the sun's pale slanting beams. Yet at the psychological level things are different. Many Europeans prefer the warmth and freedom of the tropical climate while Africans brave snow and ice with astonishing robustness. Though not on the total scale postulated by the Nigerian professor, there is much to be said for population transfer in both directions, and many may regret that political reality permits flow in only one.
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The professor's question was purely speculative and a full discussion would require qualifying in a number of ways. In essence, the eminent visitor was saying that human communities preferred to retain the culture they know, and that this factor was more powerful than material factors. Individual Africans might choose to move to the USA for a better life in purely material terms, but if they moved en masse they would inevitably choose to live in the way of their ancestors, preserving their traditional and religious institutions and social structures. The Nigerian professor might also have been hinting that this proclivity was incompatible with the Western capitalist system, little of which would remain once the USA was fully populated with Africans.
It is not for a European author to speak for Americans but certainly many Europeans would like to live permanently in Africa if it was permitted. They would enjoy its warmer climate and the opportunity of developing its rich natural resources. They find it hard to understand why so many Africans wish to leave the comfort and relaxed challenges of life in Africa for the rigours and dull routine of Europe's perpetual winters. Of course, most Africans hope to return home with their plunder to enjoy an affluent retirement, but not all prosper overseas, and many of those who do are forced to leave their children in the lands where they have grown up and in which they have citizenship from birth.
Anthropologists tell us that human beings have evolved to adapt to the conditions of our environments. Thus Africans have dark pigmented skins to protect them from the intense tropical sunshine while Europeans have pale skins to draw every last molecule of vitamin D from the sun's pale slanting beams. Yet at the psychological level things are different. Many Europeans prefer the warmth and freedom of the tropical climate while Africans brave snow and ice with astonishing robustness. Though not on the total scale postulated by the Nigerian professor, there is much to be said for population transfer in both directions, and many may regret that political reality permits flow in only one.
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Forensic Psychology As A Career Option
Do you have interest in the field of psychology and you want to know what's going on in other people's minds? If you are passionate about psychology, and you think that it can be an appropriate career option for you, then you will still want to know about different specialization areas in the field, and decide upon any one of them. For example, a forensic psychology degree can be a good option for you if you are interested in psychology, and have equal curiosity for criminal justice system and criminology. To become a forensic psychologist, you will need a doctoral or master's degree in the field, along with special training such as internship, fellowship or an additional course work.
Who can acquire a forensic psychology degree?
The idea of starting a career as a forensic psychologist can sound to be appealing for many people. TV programs like Dexter and Bones have something related to forensic science only, and they have gathered a huge number of fans. Watching such programs gives a very noble and romantic view of a forensic specialist. But in real life, a forensic psychologist does not work as neatly as shown on TV. If you think that being a forensic specialist will give you something really hot to do, then may be this career path is not the right one for you. To acquire a forensic psychology degree, you will have to go to school for several years, gain an advanced degree in the field, and a doctoral degree too to become a professional forensic psychologist.
Apart from dedication, you also need to have love for psychology, along with criminal justice system. Being a forensic psychologist, you will bring justice to crime victims. You should have courage to hold criminals accountable for the terrible things they have done. You should have a willingness to work with offenders, and provide evaluations which can send them to jail or exonerate them. From theoretical knowledge to analytical skills, you will need to bring your best every time you work on a case. If you have all these qualities, then you are the right person to acquire a forensic psychology degree and pursue a career in the field.
What a forensic psychology degree involves?
What your degree program will teach you depends on its purpose and scope. A fully functional forensic psychology degree will give you complete knowledge of:
Accurately building a network with attorneys, judges and legal professionalsUnderstanding special court procedures so that you can maintain your credibility inside the courtroomAssessment of future risksEvaluation of witness credibilityUnderstanding of the criminal's or victim's state of mind, so that a correct judgment can be made by the court
Scope of a forensic psychology degree
Several graduates with a forensic psychology degree find a job in penal institutions, psychiatric clinics, court settings and agencies of law enforcement. Government jobs in the field of forensic psychology also exist, especially in crime scene investigator teams and forensic teams. In courtrooms, you can find job as a consultant to the jury, or as a witness specialist. Prisons and rehabilitation centers may also employ you to work with the inmates. As a case worker, you may oversee convicts, or work with offenders to educate or treat them.
Once you have attained a forensic psychology degree, you can also impart your knowledge to other students by becoming an educator in a university or college. Your career will start with an annual income of $35,000 to $40,000, while a private sector consultant may start by earning more. Your earnings as a forensic psychologist, however, depend on your skills, experience, education and sector of employment.
To sum up
Selecting the aptest forensic psychology degree for your career can be a challenging task. While making this important decision, you have to keep in mind whether a particular specialization or a joint degree is more suitable for you. It is also important to understand the distinctions between forensic, criminal justice and criminal psychology programs, so that you can pursue the specific education you are looking for. Also remember that a Ph.D. program in clinical psychology can be a good option for a psychology career, especially if coupled with a criminal justice certificate program.
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Who can acquire a forensic psychology degree?
The idea of starting a career as a forensic psychologist can sound to be appealing for many people. TV programs like Dexter and Bones have something related to forensic science only, and they have gathered a huge number of fans. Watching such programs gives a very noble and romantic view of a forensic specialist. But in real life, a forensic psychologist does not work as neatly as shown on TV. If you think that being a forensic specialist will give you something really hot to do, then may be this career path is not the right one for you. To acquire a forensic psychology degree, you will have to go to school for several years, gain an advanced degree in the field, and a doctoral degree too to become a professional forensic psychologist.
Apart from dedication, you also need to have love for psychology, along with criminal justice system. Being a forensic psychologist, you will bring justice to crime victims. You should have courage to hold criminals accountable for the terrible things they have done. You should have a willingness to work with offenders, and provide evaluations which can send them to jail or exonerate them. From theoretical knowledge to analytical skills, you will need to bring your best every time you work on a case. If you have all these qualities, then you are the right person to acquire a forensic psychology degree and pursue a career in the field.
What a forensic psychology degree involves?
What your degree program will teach you depends on its purpose and scope. A fully functional forensic psychology degree will give you complete knowledge of:
Accurately building a network with attorneys, judges and legal professionalsUnderstanding special court procedures so that you can maintain your credibility inside the courtroomAssessment of future risksEvaluation of witness credibilityUnderstanding of the criminal's or victim's state of mind, so that a correct judgment can be made by the court
Scope of a forensic psychology degree
Several graduates with a forensic psychology degree find a job in penal institutions, psychiatric clinics, court settings and agencies of law enforcement. Government jobs in the field of forensic psychology also exist, especially in crime scene investigator teams and forensic teams. In courtrooms, you can find job as a consultant to the jury, or as a witness specialist. Prisons and rehabilitation centers may also employ you to work with the inmates. As a case worker, you may oversee convicts, or work with offenders to educate or treat them.
Once you have attained a forensic psychology degree, you can also impart your knowledge to other students by becoming an educator in a university or college. Your career will start with an annual income of $35,000 to $40,000, while a private sector consultant may start by earning more. Your earnings as a forensic psychologist, however, depend on your skills, experience, education and sector of employment.
To sum up
Selecting the aptest forensic psychology degree for your career can be a challenging task. While making this important decision, you have to keep in mind whether a particular specialization or a joint degree is more suitable for you. It is also important to understand the distinctions between forensic, criminal justice and criminal psychology programs, so that you can pursue the specific education you are looking for. Also remember that a Ph.D. program in clinical psychology can be a good option for a psychology career, especially if coupled with a criminal justice certificate program.
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